Si nous avons choisi la pédagogie active dans nos interventions, c’est avant tout par respect des compétences et connaissances acquises par les personnes que nous accompagnons.
Depuis les années 1970, grâce aux travaux de Malcolm Knowles sur l’andragogie, l’idée que les adultes préfèrent des méthodes de formation actives, participatives et centrées sur l’expérience s’est largement imposée dans le domaine de la formation des adultes. Cette idée s’appuie toutefois sur des influences plus anciennes, notamment celles de John Dewey et de Kurt Lewin.
Aussi, depuis nos débuts en formation, nous utilisons des outils participatifs tels que les jeux coopératifs, les exercices de dynamique de groupe, les travaux individuels et en binôme ou sous-groupes.
Mais notre principal outil participatif demeure le théâtre-forum.
Il invite chaque stagiaire à contribuer à la résolution de situations problématiques en proposant des solutions qui lui semblent justes.
Le théâtre-forum permet ainsi au spect’acteur de tester les effets de ses actes, sans conséquence dans la « vraie vie » :
- Est-ce que j’ai réussi à jouer ce que j’avais en tête ?
- En quoi ma proposition a changé la situation ?
- Comment je me sens suite à cette proposition ?
- Comment l’autre se sent ?
S’en suit un débriefing collectif, au cours duquel le facilitateur/formateur invite les stagiaires à identifier et explorer, les compétences déjà acquises et celles à développer.
La pédagogie est vivante et interactive : les stagiaires sont activement impliqués dans leur apprentissage. Ils retiennent mieux, développent leurs compétences relationnelles et leur ouverture au monde.
Notre attention reste cependant constante car l’aspect cathartique du théâtre-forum n’est pas anecdotique. C’est pourquoi nous veillons, tout au long de ce type d’exercice, à la sécurité de chacun.
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